soil horizon layers humus organic topsoil subsoil parent material and bedrock |
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Most soils have three major horizons, the surface horizon (A), the subsoil (B), and the substratum (C). Some soils have an organic horizon (O) on the surface, but this horizon can also be buried. The master horizon, E, is used for subsurface horizons that have a significant loss of minerals (eluviation). |
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