spruce bark beetle pest ips typographus forests infested drought attacked the european clear cut calamity |
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| navigate by keyword : acid attacked bark beech beetle calamity caused chop civilization cut cycle czech dead down drought dry ecological environment europe european forests global human infested insects interactions ips larvae logging nitrogen original oxides ozone pest phloem pine planting pupa rains salvage scolytinae small spruce stands stump sulfur tree trees typographus warming |
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| Spruce forests infested drought dry and attacked by the European spruce bark beetle pest Ips typographus, clear cut calamity caused by bark beetle due to global warming and human civilization, non-original planting of spruce stands, dead trees are caused by acid rains, sulfur oxides, nitrogen and ozone, Europe |
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