climax |
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| navigate by keyword : primary ecological succession stages pioneer species bare rock forest climax community soil formation lichens mosses grasses perennials shrubs pine trees ecosystem development habitat restoration biology ecology biodiversity increase food web complexity nutrient rich progressive colonization biotic abiotic factors disturbance recovery timeline plant change autogenic infographic chart process |
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| Primary ecological succession shown from bare rock to climax forest, highlighting soil development. Key objects, rocks, lichens, trees. Outline diagram |
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