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Oceanside and cityscape view of Sydney, is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia. Royalty Free Stock Photo

Panoramic view of Sydney city, opera house and harbour bridge sunset from Mrs Macquarie`Chair, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Royalty Free Stock Photo

The Sydney Town Hall is a late 19th century building in the city of Sydney, the capital city of New South Wales, Australia Royalty Free Stock Photo

Manly beach. Sydney. New South Wales. Australia Royalty Free Stock Photo

Australian road sign. Manly. Sydney. New South Wales. Australia Royalty Free Stock Photo

Sydney capital city New South Wales Australia

New South Wales state location on map of Australia. Capital city is Sydney Royalty Free Stock Photo

Downtown Sydney and town hall clock tower around midday Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Royalty Free Stock Photo

Cruise ship passing by the Harbour Bridge. Sydney. New South Wales. Australia Royalty Free Stock Photo

Parterre of pinky flowers at Mrs Macquarie`s Chair, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Royalty Free Stock Photo

View of Sydney opera house and harbour bridge at dusk from Mrs Macquarie`Chair, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Royalty Free Stock Photo

Panoramic view of Sydney at dusk from Mrs Macquarie`Chair, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Royalty Free Stock Photo

Sydney is the capital city of the state of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Sydney Harbour and extends about 80 km (50 mi) from the Pacific Ocean in the east to the Blue Mountains in the west, and about 80 km (50 mi) from Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park and the Hawkesbury River in the north and north-west, to the Royal National Park and Macarthur in the south and south-west.[5] Greater Sydney consists of 658 suburbs, spread across 33 local government areas. Residents of the city are colloquially known as "Sydneysiders".[6] The estimated population in June 2023 was 5,450,496,[1] which is about 66% of the state's population.[7] The city's nicknames include the Emerald City and the Harbour City.[8]Aboriginal Australians have inhabited the Greater Sydney region for at least 30,000 years, and their engravings and cultural sites are common. The traditional custodians of the land on which modern Sydney stands are the clans of the Darug, Dharawal and Eora peoples.[9] During his first Pacific voyage in 1770, James Cook charted the eastern coast of Australia, making landfall at Botany Bay. In 1788, the First Fleet of convicts, led by Arthur Phillip, founded Sydney as a British penal colony, the first European settlement in Australia.[10] After World War II, Sydney experienced mass migration and by 2021 over 40 per cent of the population was born overseas. Foreign countries of birth with the greatest representation are mainland China, India, the United Kingdom, Vietnam and the Philippines.[11]Despite being one of the most expensive cities in the world,[12][13] Sydney frequently ranks in the top ten most liveable cities.[14][15][16] It is classified as an Alpha+ city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world.[17][18] Ranked eleventh in the world for economic opportunity,[19] Sydney has an advanced market economy with strengths in education, finance, manufacturing and tourism.[20][21] The University of Sydney and the University of New South Wales are ranked 18th and 19th in the world respectively.[22]