The biological process that precedes the formation of the fruit takes place during the flowering of the apple. It is a process of double fertilization, in which the embryo and endosperm, i.e. the seed of the plant, are formed. In open flower conditions, the pollen of one variety reaches the stigma of the pistil of another. Then the pollen absorbs the liquid from the stigma, swells and germinates. In the next phase, two male sperms unite with female cells and a seed is formed. It is the seed that synthesizes gibberellin-type hormones, which are responsible for fruit growth, stem elongation, apical dominance, and more. If the fertilization process takes place with difficulty, small and deformed fruits develop, and if the fertilization process is absent, a significant percentage of the fruits fall off.
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